Category: Free Essays Samples on History Page 1 of 5

Sir Thomas Wyatt’s fate was to become the English Renaissance Period’s most significant poet. He was born at Allington Castle on March 15, 1503, and his father Henry Wyatt followed a similar life. Henry Wyatt Wyatt is the father of Sir Thomas Wyatt. Henry Wyatt also lived a Lancastrian life, having been arrested by Richard III under his reign and released by Henry VII. Wyatt was born in Lancashire. His father, Henry Wyatt was a Privy Counselor under Henry VII and an executor. He continued serving as a servant of King Henry VIII. Watt was said to have been raising a cub lion when the cub attacked Wyatt one day. Wyatt then stabbed the lion with his rapier. King Henry VII heard this story and said “Oh, he’ll tame the lions”. Thomas Wyatt was educated at St. John’s College which is known for being humanistic. Wyatt and Elizabeth Brooke had a boy in 1520. The Duke of Norfolk was the godfather of the child. Wyatt drew on these early experiences as well those in his future to influence his work, including his relationships and so-called relationship with Anne Boleyn.

Wyatt grew up with the influence of his father and friend Cromwell. He was also influenced by many other poets. Thomas Wyatt’s Father, Sir Henry Wyatt did not have a direct effect on Wyatt’s works but had a major impact on Wyatt’s personal life. Henry Wyatt encouraged his son Thomas Wyatt pursue a diplomatic profession, and Thomas Wyatt achieved many important positions in King Henry VIII’s court. Thomas Wyatt, like his father, had imprisonments and arrests. Thomas Wyatt became a famous poet because of these events, as well as the diplomatic climate. Cromwell performed Wyatt’s arrest. Cromwell made Wyatt feel comfortable by talking with the tower guard. He also promised to release Wyatt soon. Thomas Wyatt’s “The Pillar Perished”, a poem written in the wake of Cromwell’s death, is thought to be a tribute to his beloved friend. Thomas Wyatt had many friends. He wrote of the death of several close friends including “Weston that pleasant was and youth” for whom “all would weep if thou (Weston) were dead and gone.” Thomas Wyatt’s spouse, Elizabeth Brooke, was a source of much pain and grief during their marriage.

Wyatt’s influence was not limited to his family and friends, but also writers from the time period and before. Wyatt translated Francesco Petrarch (a 14th-century Italian poet). Wyatt did not translate these works as a way to practice his craft. They retained their original style and form, but also took on new ideas and concepts. These translations appeared to divert the original questions away from important and controversial themes, such as courtly treachery and political intrigue. Wyatt translated Plutarch before he did these translations. Plutarch created chronicles that were based on the lives and deeds Romans and Greeks leaders. He used engaging details to convey the actions of Plutarch characters. Wyatt shared many similarities in his admiration for Chaucer. But he wanted English Literature elevated and respected. Lastly, Wyatt mentions Plato in his poem “Farewell Love”, as an inspiration for reflection and comfort.

Wyatt, it is claimed, fell in love Anne Boleyn in 1522 after she arrived in the English courts. George Wyatt (grandson of Thomas Wyatt) wrote that Thomas Wyatt had been “surprised” by Anne Boleyn’s first sighting by Wyatt. Thomas Wyatt split from his wife three years after Anne Boleyn arrived at the court in 1522. This is thought to be partly because of his encounter with Anne Boleyn. The King’s love for Boleyn would have made it nearly impossible for the two to fall in love. However, Wyatt mentions her indirectly many times. Due to this, the love between Boleyn’s and Wyatt’s is thought to be only ‘one way’. In The Chronicle of King Henry VIII, Wyatt is shown visiting Anne Boleyn’s home where he finds her lying in bed. They have a sexual relationship until the footsteps of Boleyn’s lover interrupt their intimacy. George Wyatt tells another story in which Wyatt entertained Boleyn by reading his poetry as she worked on needlework. Wyatt grabbed the jewel from Boleyn’s necklace as a prize. Wyatt and King argued about a bowling shot. Wyatt pulled out the jewel from Boleyn’s neck to use as a measuring tool. The King was able to recognize the jewel. He stormed out of his room and asked Anne Boleyn a question about it. Wyatt wrote several works that were indirectly attributed directly to Anne Boleyn. “What Worde is That that Changeth Not”, ‘The Lover Confesses His Love for Phyllis’, and ‘Whoso List To Hunt’ was based upon the story of Caesar deer which wore Caesar’s collar. Wyatt compares Boleyn’s neck to Caesar’s Deer. “Her fair neck is round about written:/Nolime tangere for Caesar’s.

Thomas Cromwell apprehended Wyatt, one Wyatt’s dearest friends, in 1536, on King’s order. It is thought that Anne Boleyn was the reason for this first arrest. Cromwell promised Wyatt to watch over him, but he said he was going to imprison Wyatt in the tower. Wyatt told Cromwell he wasn’t afraid and that his character was impeccable. Thomas Wyatt, who was in the belltower, watched the executions Weston Bereton Norris Smeato George Boleyn. The views that Wyatt saw from the tower inspired him to write one of his most well-known poems: “Innocentia Veritas”. In Innocentia Veritas Wyatt said, “The Bell Tower gave me such sights in my mind that I would stick to them day and night”. Thomas Wyatt had been released from his tower because he was in the good graces of King Henry VIII.

Thomas Wyatt’s childhood was filled with many events, such as his ‘taming’ his lion. After his childhood he went to St. John’s College and pursued a career in diplomacy, much like his late father. He married and had a son. Thomas Wyatt was inspired by his father, Plato and Chaucer as well as Anne Boleyn. His works also showcased his relationships, including his relationship with Anne Boleyn.

Florence Kelley, a dedicated advocate of labor laws during the United States’ early 20th century. She was successful in her fight for child labor laws. Kelley used rhetorical strategy to make her case for child labor laws in a 1905 speech. She used pathos and logos to convey her message.

Florence Kelley relies on pathos to make her point about the need for labor laws that protect children. She used pathos as a way to connect with her audience. Kelley outlined in detail such events as a teenage girl who worked long hours in dangerous conditions in a textile mill. Florence Kelley used such details to move and stir the emotions of her audience. Kelley uses descriptive language in order to give the audience a sense of how children suffer from long hours at work. Kelley described the children as “tiny children who make artificial flowers under the sweating machine” and as “little beasts robbed their education to work for our company.” She hoped parents and workers alike would realize they had failed children and start to change things.

Florence Kelley employed logos (logic) as another rhetorical technique. Florence Kelley used harsh facts in her speech to make the point that laws against child labor are needed. She used harsh facts to emphasize her message that child labor laws need to be passed. Her use of logos can also be seen in the way she describes places like Georgia that have no restrictions on child labor. When she described the conditions of children in factories, or anywhere else they worked, using logic and facts made her argument seem more plausible. Her argument became more credible and reasonable as the audience became convinced.

Florence Kelley, in her third paragraph, uses the phrase “While We Sleep …”” to remind the audience that children were “working 11 hours a day” all across the country while they slept. This will cause the audience to think of those children as they prepare for bed. The 2 million kids would be brought to mind, who were only forced to work due the lack of laws protecting child labour. Kelley hoped that the memory of these children would linger on the minds and hearts of the audience. This will encourage them to start taking action to improve working conditions for the children.

Florence Kelley delivered a very well-written and detailed speech. She used several rhetorical strategies to make the speech more effective and communicate her message. These included pathos (emotion), logos (logic), and repetition. Kelley successfully persuaded women by using facts, logical arguments, and emotional appeals. Kelley likely influenced women’s votes for child labour laws after they got the vote.

Fleet Admiral Chester William Nimitz, one of the few five-star admirals in US Navy history and one of the most respected officers by US presidents. The US Presidents praised his leadership and strategic ability. He also had the ability to manage multiple tasks and was able to evaluate and control his subordinates. Nimitz has been hailed as the ideal World War II military commander and a decision-maker.

Fleet Admiral Nimitz’s subordinates were inspired by his ability to see the bright side of situations where others saw only defeatism and despair. Nimitz’s distinguishing qualities were evident when compared to the other five-star Fleet Admirals who served with him in the US Navy during that same time period. Nimitz, a clearly people-oriented leader, put his arm around the shoulders of subordinates and explained how they can work together. He was a key commander in World War II. He also had expertise in diesel engines for submarines and tanks.

Admiral Chester William Nimitz has actively contributed to the United States Navy’s success since Annapolis Naval Academy. The 61 years he spent in service, along with his efforts and involvement, led to significant advancements on command strategy, naval training, goodwill, and engineering and construction of nuclear, gas, and diesel engines for submarines and navy vessels. More awards were given to him, including Gold Stars. Nimitz’s leadership during WW II helped win the Pacific War. On 02 September 1945 he signed for the United States after Japan admitted defeat aboard the USS Missouri at Tokyo Bay. He was found to be the strategic decision-maker during the important battles in the Coral Sea conflict, Eastern Solomons and battles Santa Cruz.

Summary of LeaderChester William Nimitz died in Fredericksburg Texas six months before his birth. Nimitz’s primary role-model was his grandfather, a German Merchant Marine who served in the Texas Rangers as well as an allied commander. Nimitz’s charismatic personality and achievements were shaped by his grandfather’s wisdom and experiences. His grandfather said that the sea, like life, is a strict taskmaster. It is best to do your best, learn as much as you can and not worry about anything – even things you cannot control.

Nimitz wanted to further his education. A financial constraint forced him to choose military service. His top choice was the Military Academy of West Point. Unfortunately, the vacancies weren’t available. Then he worked hard to secure the only available appointment at Naval Academy Annapolis. In 1905, he graduated 7th out of 114 students from the Naval Academy. He was only awarded a diploma when he reached the rank of admiral, decades after he had graduated from highschool. In the academy, he was nicknamed “Matty”, because of his excellent mathematics skills and his sit-ups. He was described by his classmates as “a man with a cheerful past and resolute future”.

Midshipman Nimitz 1905Midshipman Nimitz graduated and was immediately assigned to battleship OHIO(BB-12). He was then transferred to the cruiser Baltimore (C-3). In January 1909 he joined the First Submarine Fleet and in May he was given command. He became the commander of the 3rd Submarine Division Atlantic Torpedo Fleet at the end 1911. In 1912 Lieutenant Nimitz won the Navy Silver Life Saving Medal after saving a fellow shipmate. In June of that year, Lieutenant Chester W. Nimitz delivered a lecture at the Naval War College titled “Defensive & Offensive Submarine tactics.”

Lieutenant Nimitz studied diesel engines in early 1913. This was because the Navy was mesmerized with the performance of this engine. Nimitz had to supervise two 2,600 horse-power diesel engines installed in a Tanker MAUMEE.

Nimitz achieved the rank of Lieutenant-Commander in 1917. Nimitz’s abilities were demonstrated over the following years. In 1918 he received a Letter of Commendation in recognition of his meritorious service. In the same, he became a senior board member of submarine design.

In 1926, he established the first Naval Reserve Officers’ Unit at the University of California. Between the wars he served on battleships, cruisers and studied at advanced naval colleges. In 1938 he became a Rear-Admiral. Admiral Nimitz was one of only two names that were accepted for the position of Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet. The other name was Adm. E. Kimmel’s husband. Adm. Kimmel’s name was later selected to be the new appointment.

Admiral Nimitz heard about the attack on Pearl Harbour while he was at his Washington home. Admiral Kimmel had been relieved a few weeks later, and Admiral Nimitz took over. Nimitz was promoted to Admiral on 17th December 1941 by President Roosevelt, ten day after the Pearl Harbour attack. After the Pacific Area was divided in three zones in 1942, Admiral Nimitz took command of all units, including air, sea and ground, in the Pacific Ocean Areas.

Black Plague had numerous titles, such as the Black Death, Bubonic Plague, and the Dark Plague. The Black Plague hit with speed and no thought for whom it hit. This disease was the most fatal catastrophe in the past to the mid 14th century, killing approximately twenty-five million people within only five years (1347-1352). The Black Plague turned rampant and eradicated the population of Europe. This plague spread through every single class and killed billions of peasants, lords, and queens. It impacted every aspect of life in Europe and all people during this time. Differing beliefs were common and there was no single intense belief.

Some of these beliefs were that the black death was a natural disaster while others believed it caused by human error. After the initial frenzied burst of shoe-term piety and revival, the Black Plague caused long-term harm to religious institutions. During these plague outbreaks, some thought God was punishing humans for their sins. As a result, people publicly whipped themselves until they bled. Some infected people tried to hide in the holy land. Others despaired, and published that God did not live, or that He had perished, or He was unconscious, or He had made appearing on humans. It was also believed that the plague was caused by the lack of food, water, and shelter. Farmers and lower class citizens were the first to be infected by the black death. Many people died of this disease, but most people died because of poor hygiene and lack of sanitation. The symptoms of this disease included: fever, chills, vomiting, and diarrhea. Almost always, this was followed by death.

To catch the disease, people observed that all it took was brief physical contact with the clothing of someone who was sick to pass the disease on to another. Some doctors insisted that it was the spirit leaving the body of the deceased that infected others as it passed by. Few areas other than some islands cut off from the rest of Europe by the sea made it through the pandemic plague-free. The rest of the population was not so fortunate. The bacteria infiltrated every European city’s defenses and many who appeared perfectly healthy one day could be dead a few days later. It was uncommon, though possible, for someone to survive a week or two before he or she died. The plague reduced livestock as well and countless pigs, cows, chickens, goats, and sheep also died a brutal death. While many European areas had a death sum of around 30%, 90% of the Italian city Florence perished. Sometimes, the bodies of the deceased remained where they had died since there were not enough people still living to bury them. Thousands of French villages in addition to areas in other locations were left without a single remaining soul. The Black Death had easily transformed them into ghost towns. In some instances, nature eventually took over, and areas that people once called home were reclaimed by the surrounding forest. It took aerial photography following the end of World War I to rediscover these locations as places where men, women, and children once lived.

Not only did people not understand the plague’s causes or modes of transmission, but there were also countless failures in how those in the medical field attempted to treat it. Yersinia pestis, the bacterium behind the Black Death, or bubonic plague, is highly contagious. It can also be spread in many ways. Many believe that in its later stages it had the ability to morph into an airborne strain that could be passed on to a new host via a simple sneeze or cough. However, all strains, airborne or those in the more initial stages that are not, are believed to have been transferred through flea or lice bites. In addition, many animals along with countryside livestock serve as hosts for the bacterium and blood-sucking pests. Examples are creatures like squirrels, rabbits, chipmunks, and mice. However, many in the scientific field have argued that by far the worst contributor to the spread of the Black Death was the rat and its flea. Part of the reason for this belief is that rats have been observed to develop symptoms quite similar to those in people, and in cases of the modern-day plague many people with the sickness had accompanying bites from fleas. Recent outbreaks often follow what’s known as ‘rat falls’ as well, or when the rodents die off in record amounts for whatever reason. Thus, the most prevalent theory is that the Black Death all began when rats with the plague died and their fleas then looked for more blood in another readily available source, which would at times be human. Upon being bitten by the contaminated flea this person would then be exposed to the deadly bacteria. Seemingly in support of this theory, ships during the mid-1300s were commonly infested with the furry rodents who thrived in their dark, moist environment. And following the death ships’ arrival in Sicily the plague continued to spread further following a trade route pattern, as it had previously in Asia, to other port locations throughout Europe and as far down as North Africa.

After the Plague had dialed down, scientists studied the remains of the European population at the time and determined that only 0.2% had a gene that offered them any form of immunity. The other 99.8% had none. Since so many of those who were susceptible to the plague died from it, they did not pass their genes on further to the following generations. Many of those who did have the gene lived on to reproduce. This could be why many people now have a 15% chance of having some resistance to the disease.

William Sublette, an eminent fur trader from 1830 onwards, was the man who first led wagons up the Rocky Mountains trail. The Oregon Trail was named by many emigrants who traveled it in the years to come. Native Americans called it White-Topped Wagon Road. The California Trail is also known as The Mormon Trail.

The Oregon Trail primarily was used by emigrants. The Army also used it, and part of the route was followed by stagecoaches and The Pony Express. The Oregon Trail extended from Missouri all the to Pacific Ocean. Many emigrants began their journeys in eastern Kansas.

The average Oregon Trail trip lasts between four and six months. The Oregon Trail was not without its hardships. Cholera was the leading cause of death for emigrants. Cholera is often characterized by horrible diarrhea that can be caused by poor food, dirty water, or extreme weather conditions. Other deadly diseases, like Measles Smallpox Diptheria, were also prevalent. It was also a time of great storms. Many emigrants died from large hail, high winds, and lightning. Emigrants could also die from starvation, drowning and being run over on wagon wheels. Some people were buried on the path when they died. In the absence of time to bury the dead, they were dumped on the trail. A sick or dying old person would also be left along the side trail for them to die. This was to keep the illness from spreading to others.

Some children walked across the United States without shoes. The wagons were only four feet wide by ten foot long and were filled to the brim. They contained farm tools, food and furniture. The cotton covers were treated with linseed to try and keep the rain out, but they eventually leaked. They would often go for days without taking a bath. The only time they had to bathe was when they reached the river.

Native Americans were reported to have attacked. Initially, the majority of Native American encounters were business transactions. Native Americans offered horses or food in exchange of rifles, clothing, and tobacco. Native Americans were hostile towards the emigrants after they overgrazed and destroyed the prairie grasses. Several tribes on the Platte River were soon starving and poor. Native Americans began to be hostile towards emigrants. Native Americans stole items from emigrants when this happened so they could survive. Native Americans as well as emigrants both died due to this.

River Crossing played a large part in the Oregon Trail. Ferrymen were at every crossing of the river. Ferrymen carried your cattle, wagons and whatever else you brought with you to the other side of the river. Ferries cost around $1.00 per wagon. Cattle were ten cents each.

I think they faced more hardships during their journey than expected. They were probably all happy with their journey’s outcome when they arrived. The Oregon Trail has had a significant impact on Kansas’ development. Since it began in Kansas, many people have moved to Kansas. This made Kansas a more popular place to live and it may have encouraged some people to stay instead of traveling west.

From the 1700s to 1865, abolitionists of both races, including free African Americans, helped slaves escape. People who helped the slaves escape were called “conductors”. The slaves who fled were hidden in homes, churches, or schools. They would hide the fugitives behind false cabinets and secret tunnels. They would provide food and clothing to the fugitives and then direct them to their next “station”. They were operated by “stationmasters”. The Underground Railroad became the name of this network.

Nobody knows when exactly the Underground Railroad started. The Underground Railroad is first mentioned by History in 1831. This was when Tice Davids escaped his Kentucky slave owner and fled to Ohio. His owner blamed “underground” railroads for Davids’s escape. After slaves were freed through the Underground Railroad, they fled to states like Maryland, Kentucky and Virginia. Fugitive slave law of 1793 enabled local law enforcers to capture escaped slavery within the boundaries of free states. They would then return them to their original escape point and punish any rescuers. Many slaves were forced into Canada, where slavery is prohibited, in order to escape bounty hunters. The Underground Railroad was used by many different people to free African Americans. White abolitionists as well as free slaves had helped to liberate African Americans. Harriet Tubman helped to free African slaves.

Harriet Tubman became one of most famous Underground Railroad conductors. She was born Araminta Ross. However, she changed her name when she and two brothers escaped from a Maryland plantation. Tubman was a slave. Harriet sustained a severe head injury as a child from a heavy-metal weight. She suffered from pain, dizziness and sleep spells as a result of her injury. According to reports, she had strange dreams and visions that were said to be premonitions by God. She was also a spy in the Union Army’s ranks during the Civil War. Harriet Tubman’s nickname was “Moses”, owing to the bounty she received for helping rescue slaves. Tubman gave her life for the freedom of hundreds African Americans slaves. Tubman saved 300 slaves in total from slavery during her 19 trips south.

Around 1863, the Civil War was underway. Harriet Tubman was once again a key player in Union efforts to defeat the Confederacy. She participated in Union Army operations that freed the emancipated and yet unfreed slaves.

The article explains the Seneca Falls Convention. The convention took place at the Wesleyan Methodist Church, Seneca Falls, on July 19 and 20, 1848. It was organized to support women’s equality in social and political life. This movement was inspired by the early feminists’ determination to solve the long-standing problem of sexism. Seneca Falls Convention had nearly 300 participants on its first full day. On the second of the convention, 100 people had signed a declaration of sentiments, expressing their concerns about inequality.

This article explains and describes the Seneca Falls Convention. Seneca Falls Convention – the first woman rights convention in America. The first woman’s rights convention in the United States was held at Seneca Falls (New York) in July 1848. Over 300 people attended. The subject of the convention were resolutions about women’s right, all of which became law except the right of vote. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia mott were two women activists who fought for equal rights.

Genevieve LeBaron discusses the importance of the women’s movement to equality in this article. She also explains the events that led up to the Convention. Seneca Falls Convention is the first step in women’s equal rights, such as voting freedom and increased equality at work. On the two-day convention, 300 people attended and discussed the rights of women. The women of the time were denied political rights and their aim was to correct the many injustices. Lucretia Coffin Mott (1893-1880) was a feminist and equality advocate in the United States. She was well known after 1818 for her inspiring messages about equality and peace, including the abolitionist movement. She was one of the organizers of Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society after she attended the 1833 meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Mott found her calling in women’s right after the World Anti-Slavery Convention of London refused to admit women as delegates. She and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were the organizers of the first ever woman’s rights conference in the United States. It was held at Seneca Falls (N.Y.) in 1848. Lucia Mott died in 1880. Mott was a long-time advocate for equal rights and against slavery. Mott began her ministry in 1821, after a brief stint as a teacher in Philadelphia. Lucretia Mott was instrumental in founding the American Anti-Slavery Society, in 1833. In 1840, Mott attended a conference in London on anti-slavery. In 1840, she started a campaign to protect women’s right after the conference refused women a seat. She met Elizabeth Cady Stanton in London and they jointly planned a convention on women’s issues. It took place in Seneca Falls. New York, in 1848. It was the beginning of the first American woman’s rights movement.

This article describes the first Woman’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls in New York, 1848. It was organized by five females including Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The convention organizers didn’t know how to get men to leave the first day. James Mott, a male, was chosen to be the president of the convention. During the two day convention, several hours were spent in debate. The members of the convention had spent several hours debating during the two-day convention.

Seneca Falls Convention – also called the First Woman’s Rights Convention in the United States – is more commonly known. The Seneca Falls Convention is an important milestone in American history. The convention took part in the Wesleyan Chapel of Seneca Falls on July 19, 1848. Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments. The document outlined the importance of equal rights for all women. The Declaration of Sentiments was adopted by law in almost every case, except for the right to a vote. This issue was still controversial at that time. The nineteenth amendment, passed 70 years after the declaration, gave women the rights they had fought for all those years.

Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls New York was the United States’ first woman’s right convention. It took place in July 1848. At the convention, 300 men gathered with women to discuss restrictions that were imposed on women. They became aware of the restrictions because they were involved in the anti-slavery movements. Elizabeth Cady Stanton created the Declaration of Sentiments as a response to the Declaration of Independence. This document became the basis for all subsequent equal rights victories.

Seneca Falls Convention, New York, July 19, 1848. This convention is credited with starting the women’s right movement in America. Elizabeth Cady Stanton chose Seneca Falls as the site of the convention because she lived there. She organized it with three other people, including Lucretia mott. Stanton, who was a member of the convention at the time, wrote a “Declaration of Sentiments” which included ten injustices as well as resolutions based on the Declaration of Independence. Twelve resolutions were passed, 11 of which were unanimously decided, to achieve certain rights for women that had been denied. The only issue on which the party couldn’t agree was the right of vote. It would ultimately be incorporated into the 19th amendment.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was ridiculed after the convention, which took place in New York July 19, 1848. Stanton’s father and her husband tried to make her stop speaking publicly. Over the course of more than 50 years, Stanton led the U.S. campaign for equal gender rights. She wrote many articles and books to encourage others to join the national women’s organization. Elizabeth Stanton worked on petitions until 1902 when she passed away.

Seneca Falls Convention: This was an event that occurred on July 19, 1848 and 20, 1848 in Seneca Falls. Elizabeth Cady Stanton lived in Seneca Falls. She and Lucretia mott conceived the convention. The two feminists were not allowed to attend the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention, which was held in London. Although it was a convention that fought against racism, it still treated women unfairly. Stanton spoke at the convention of 1848, reading the “Declaration of Sentiments”, which was a set of grievances & demands that closely resembled the Declaration of Independence. It called for women to organise and petition their rights. Twelve resolutions were passed by the convention, almost all of which were unanimously voted. They were designed to grant women equal rights they had previously been denied. The party was unable to agree on a single resolution, the right of vote. This would be the subject of the 19th Amendment.

This article summarizes and explains Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s famous speech, delivered at the Woman’s Rights Convention of Seneca Falls New York on 19 July 1848. Elizabeth Cady Stanton made the first public argument in the United States for women’s right to vote. Stanton was the organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention, also known as the First Woman’s Rights Convention, which took place in Seneca Falls in New York in 1848. Stanton was also very close to Susan B. Anthony, a leading advocate of American Feminism, who read many speeches that Stanton had written. Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the women’s movement from 1848 until she died in 1902. The Seneca Falls Convention took place on July 19,1848. This event lasted 2 days and took place at the Wesleyan Chapel External. The convention was barely advertised, yet it attracted approximately 300 people. The women’s movement was a major influence on the majority of attendees. Five of the five women responsible for organizing the Seneca Falls Convention also worked to fight slavery. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who was inspired by the Declaration of Independence to write the “Declaration of Sentiments”, wanted to give women the freedom to be free from limitations in their rights.

This article describes the history of women’s suffrage. The women’s right to vote was the goal of the women’s rights movement. It started at the beginning of the 19th century with the fight to end slavery. Women in the United States and other countries formed groups to fight for women’s suffrage. Lucretia Mott organized the first women’s right convention in 1848. Ironically, it was only the right vote that could not be agreed on by all the participants.

Table of Contents

Mesoamericans

North Americans

Thus, in summation

Before 1950 is the date of the ancient period in American history. Before Christ dating (BC) was also used. The radiocarbon method is used for dating the history of the time. In order to establish the beginning of the civilization in Mesoamericans or North Americans, the period determination method was used. North Americans, Mesoamericans, and Mesoamericans settled around 2000BC after hunting and collecting. The nomadic way of life was adopted by these inhabitants, which involved moving from place to place (Coe 56). The Pleistocene period and the archaic era were characterized by constant movement from one location to another in pursuit of hunting and collecting missions. How did Mesoamericans or North Americans live before sedentary living? This question attempts to uncover the changes in ancient life. The indigenous people began to farm, which led them to live a more sedentary life and balance hunting and gathering.

MesoamericansMesoamerica is a geographical location used to describe regions stretching from north of Panama, up to central Mexico, the desert region. The coverage of the region’s indigenous peoples is more fragmented and less unified in history. Olmecs, for example, are residents of the area. The inhabitants began to live a sedentary lifestyle instead of a hunter-gatherer one. Olmecs engaged in agricultural and art activities between 1200 BC to 400 BC. The Olmecs did not abandon hunting and collecting. This was a mixture of economic activity. Hunting was a popular activity, especially when rains were not expected. The land was cleared and cultivated as soon as the rains began, so that farmers could grow crops. Maize, beans and squash were all common crops. Olmecs were involved in trading activities in North America. This led to the growth of an elite class.

Around 500 CE, the Maya were one of Mesoamerica’s inhabitants. They gave up the nomadic way of life to lead a sedentary lifestyle. Social structure was evident in how they lived. Historical records indicate that these groups originated from Asia. The migration of people to North America from Asia is mainly explained by the existence and use of a landbridge. They improved Olmec inventions, such as a mathematical system to record farm crop yields. Olmecs were also involved in the trade. The Mayas began to decline around 900 BC because of the unfavorable climate that was unsuitable for farming (Pringle 46). Spanish explorers began to arrive in the area around 1520 and discovered indigenous Maya writings and sculptures.

Aztecs and Mayas together have influenced Mesoamerican culture. Aztecs may have been Mexicas, who originally inhabited this region. The fact that they were the latest inhabitants of the region led to more signs and manifestations of civilization, which in turn led to a more structured social structure based on the need for economic unity. Even local leaders were formed.

The New Mexico region was home to many indigenous tribes that grew corn, squash and other crops. In the same region, beans were also grown. The ancient culture system used these crops together. After harvesting, the grass was burned and the seeds spread over it. The remainder of the harvest was used for food. The organization of social structures, including the selection of leaders as well as organized farming, led to the development of sedentary living among indigenous peoples. This did not signify the abandonment of hunting or gathering. It was still there. It’s just that people became more aware and organized.

North AmericansNorth America has been a part of history for thousands of years. It is believed that the original inhabitants of this area came from Southeast Asia or the Pacific region. Around 12000 BC, the landbridge that connected Alaska to Siberia was believed as a migration route. Some groups moved south, others remained up north. The fact that they look like the Mongolians in Asia is another indication that the people moved around to find food. A woodland landscape was thought to have dominated the east. In those areas, elks and deer were the dominant animals. West side possessed horses, mammoths, and camels. These regions were populated by hunters who hunted animals until they became extinct. The north was dominated by hunting, rather than gathering. Seals and fish were plentiful. They had many different foods in the area.

Around 2000 BC, there were signs of a settled life in the southwest. The village structure in the area was more organized, as evidenced by the signs. Sedentary farming and village life were more popular, particularly after people settled down in villages. The crops that were grown included squash and corn. Adena society had developed more around 1000 BC. In this area, agriculture became more developed. A village life style encouraged people to farm along the East Coast.

Small game hunting complemented subsistence agriculture. It became apparent to the inhabitants that continuing to migrate would not be worth it due to population growth. The inhabitants began a sedentary way of life. Agriculture was supposed to be a way to feed a population that was growing. This was only possible by settling down and not living a nomadic life. In villages, people were able to live in greater social harmony. It was a sign that people should live more organized lives and stick together.

ConclusionConclusively, ancient times marked the beginning of a more settled lifestyle. Mesoamericans lived a settled lifestyle with an organized social structure. However, hunting did not halt. During this period, the most common crops were corn, squashes, beans, potatoes, and other root vegetables. In the earliest days, it was believed that Asian migrants were the first to migrate into North America. It is believed that the people who migrated were Asians, following the land between North America & Asia until the two plates separated. These people began as hunters and collectors. The people ate fish, seals and other animals. With the growing population, it became necessary to create a better social structure and settle in order to feed the people. The villages were established to organize social life.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Reasons

The Great Depression and its impact

Recuperation

Introduction

The Great Depression is the worst economic recession in American history. The economy had been experiencing a recession for the last two month and a decreasing GDP. Following the Wall Street crash it went into depression. This decline was caused by many factors, including high consumer debt, poorly regulated markets, and a lack of new high-growth industries. People were already feeling uncertain about the future after the U.S. Stock Exchange crash. Due to the crash, the U.S. currency value had decreased causing it to remain in depression.

CausesWell this economic decline had many causes, but Wall Street’s stock market collapse was the main one. This caused the economy to be unable pay off its debt. There are also other factors, like the lack high growth industries and the high rate in consumer debt. The U.S. was experiencing rapid growth and its wealth doubled from 1920 to 1929.

Stocks were the place where people acted recklessly, putting their savings, whether they be millionaires or janitors. The stock market experienced rapid growth in 1929. The stock market was inflated by the fact that production had dropped and unemployment increased. Wages in that period were low. Consumer credit was on the rise, food prices were falling and there was a drought.

During summer 1929 the American economy experienced a serious recession. Consumer spending was slowing and the unsold stock began to build up. This led to a further reduction in factory output. Stock prices rose and were at an all-time high by the end of 1929, unjustified by future earnings.

Impact of Great DepressionAfter most investors became nervous and began to sell overpriced stocks, what followed is what many had feared. The stock markets crashed. In one day, 12.9 millions shares were traded. Following another wave of Wall Street panic, millions of shares lost their value and those who purchased them “on margin” had to be wiped off.

In the aftermath of the stock-market crash, as consumer confidence disappeared, factories and businesses began to reduce production and fire their employees. Those who were fortunate enough to stay employed saw their wages fall and their purchasing power decrease. In the aftermath of the stock-market crash, when consumer confidence vanished, factories and other businesses began to slow down production and fire their workers. Those who remained employed saw their wages fall and buying power decrease. The Gold Standard was a global standard that spread the financial woes in the United States all over the world.

Despite assurances made by Herbert Hoover as well as other leaders in the country that the crises would end quickly, they continued to worsen during the next three-year period. In 1930, there were 4 million unemployed Americans; this number increased to 6 millions in 1931. In the meantime, industrial production in the United States dropped by half and the number of homeless Americans increased.

Farmers were not able to harvest their crop and left them rotting on the fields, while others were starving. The banking panic began in 1930 when investors began to lose confidence in their banks. They demanded cash deposits and forced the banks to liquidate the loans.

Hoover’s administration attempted to provide government loans in such a situation, hoping that banks would lend money to businesses and rehire employees. He believed that government shouldn’t intervene in economic affairs and it wasn’t their responsibility to create employment or give financial relief to citizens.

Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President in 1932 when the United States was still in the midst of the Great Depression. Inauguration-day, each state of the United States had ordered all remaining banking institutions to close. The U.S. treasury did not have sufficient cash to pay government employees. He radiated calm optimism and declared that the only thing to fear was fear itself.

In order to deal with the economic problems of the country, he took immediate action. He announced a four-day holiday during which Congress would be able to pass reform legislation. All banks were required to close for this period and only those that had been deemed sound could reopen. The President also started a radio series in which he talked directly to the people. This “Fireside Chat” helped to restore the confidence of the public.

During his first 100-day term, the Roosevelt administration passed legislation to stabilize agricultural and industrial production, create employment, and stimulate economic recovery. Roosevelt also wanted to reform the banking system. He created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for depositors to have a safe account and stability in the economy. The Securities and Exchange Commission was established to regulate and protect the stock market and to stop abuses that led up to the 1929 Crash.

RecoveryAfter early signs that the economy was recovering in 1933’s Spring, the economy continued improving for the next 3 years. During this time, real GDP growth averaged 9 percent annually. The Federal Reserve increased its reserve requirements in 1937. This led to a severe recession. While the economy improved again in 192038, this second contraction reversed many production and employment gains and prolonged the Great Depression’s effects until the end.

In Europe, the Depression had fueled extremist political movements. Most notably Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Regime in Germany. In 1939, Germany’s aggression caused war in Europe. The WPA focused on strengthening the United States military infrastructure, while maintaining its neutrality.

While the Great Depression has ended, its effects still can be felt today. The unemployment rate in the United States is currently 9.1 percent. From 1931 to 1942, the annual rates ranged between 9.9 percent and 24.9 percent. The peak level of unemployment has been well below the Great Depression’s peak. We have benefited from some lessons learned during the Great Depression by implementing automatic government stabilisers to the economy. This has prevented the devastating effects of a credit crunch.

The Playboy of the Western World tells a tale about conformity to the law and rebelliousness. Shawn Keogh, the play’s ultra-conservative character, bows to the law in deference and with meekness. Christy Mahon represents the opposite extreme. He rebels by posing as a patricidist and criminal of the legal systems. The law in the play is portrayed by the author as a social institution which stifles a person’s expression of their individuality. Shawn, who obeys the law, is shown as a dull character whose personality is completely stifled. Christy on the other hand is presented as a flamboyant and independent individualist whose individuality has been stifled because of the laws of society. Christy is transformed into an individualist, who has risen above the laws and society. Shawn on the other side, remains a slave of the law. The play shows that Ireland can also achieve its own unique character through the contrast between these two characters. Christy breaks free from the oppressive British legal system, while Shawn remains a passively occupied country who meekly obeys British law.

Shawn has the highest level of respect for the law. Shawn displays a respectful attitude toward law and morality throughout the entire play. His entourage describes him repeatedly as “a decent person” (13). He has a lot of moral and legal obligations, and he forbids him to break the law. Shawn has to obey the church’s laws and is patiently waiting for the bishops’ holy dispensation before getting married. He fears breaking church rules constantly. He fears being left alone with his fiancee without a legal dispensation. It is evident that he obeys the criminal law of secular society. Christy commits patricide and he’s the only person who doesn’t laugh at it. He immediately calls Christy “a bloody-handed killer” (20) rather than praising him for his heroic feat. Shawn’s actions in the play are governed by the traditional legal rules and he is bound both by moral and legal constraints.

But rather than applauding Shawn’s law-abiding behavior, the author paints him as insipid. He is a figure that is dominated by social institutions including the church and law. The author shows how his slavish submission to these institutions has a negative impact on his personality. His individuality can never be seen by the audience. It is only through his subservient relationship with these social and legal institutions that his character is expressed. Shawn behaves more like a robot than a sovereign, independent individual. He obeys laws both secular and religions without thinking about it. He becomes a part and parcel of broader morality because of his passive meekness. Shawn is portrayed as a slavishly submissive to the laws, which makes the law appear oppressive and stifles individual freedom.

Christy, on the other hand, is a person who goes above and beyond law. Christy is a law-fearing “man” at first, but he decides to rebel and pose as someone who committed patricide. Christy says that he killed his father out of anger after his father had been forced to marry the widow he refused to marry. Christy proves to be an individualist radical by acting like he murders his dad to defend himself and his independence. Christy becomes his own master by killing his father. Christy presents himself as a person who believes in personal freedom to the point of breaking laws to get it. Christy grows as a person after he violates the law and commits his imagined crime. Christy, the sexually cowardly Christy that was the “laughing prank of all female women” (49) and the “fool for men” (58), now exudes confidence. Christy, the cowardly and sexually timid man who was once the “fool of men” (58) or the “laughing joke of every female woman” (49) becomes a confident champion in the world.

Christy’s remarkable development illustrates how oppressive the legal system is. Christy’s individuality can only be unleashed and developed fully when he breaks the law. Christy becomes a free individualist by releasing himself from all legal constraints. Christy becomes a supremely individualist by acting as if he is someone who breaks the laws and separates himself from society’s moral framework. Christy’s breaking the law allows her to transcend the tyranny of society and law, instead of becoming a slave of the law like Shawn.

In the play, the Irish community initially appears as a law-abiding group. Michael tells the audience the “bonafide consumers” of the liquorhouse are all Irish. This shows that the community respects the law. The community’s law-abiding exterior quickly shows a rebellious spirit that breaks the law. Christy, when he confesses to his community that he is the patricide perpetrator, receives a standing ovation from the entire community. People view Christy’s patricide, which is illegal, as a heroic act. One member of this community said that a man who kills his father in violation of the law would face “a foxy, pitch-pike devil on the flags and banners of Hell” (19). Christy’s crime is admired by the community, revealing its secret law-breaking nature. In the play, police officers are called “peelers”, a reference to the English Prime Minster Robert Peel. Peel was the man who invented the English justice system. This shows Ireland to be an occupied territory and that police officers are operating under British law by “selling English laws” (37). Thus, the legal system itself is an instrument used by foreign oppressors. Christy’s breaking of the law can be viewed as a brave act against the oppressive British legal systems.

By doing so, breaking the rules is turned into a positive virtue. Ireland’s only way to get rid of British rule is to defy authority. No wonder Christy’s resistance to the legal authorities has been greeted with such enthusiasm by the community. The author suggests that Ireland can achieve its own uniqueness by “breaking” British law in the same way Christy does. Christy, at the end the play’s “master of fights”, is transformed by his act of rebelliousness. Ireland too could become its master through active rebellion and free itself from British oppression.

The Playboy of the Western World pays tribute to the brave and rebellious spirit of those who are willing to defy authority and the law. The Irish who live under foreign rule lionizes Christy’s murdering father, as he is a man of courage and will to fight against the authorities. That is exactly what Ireland is looking for if they want to be free. To become independent again, Ireland’s people will have to learn how to violate British law in the same way that the father who murdered Christy did. Ireland can choose either to be individualistic and free, as Christy was, or to stay submissive to British law. Despite the fact that the Irish community eventually loses their courage and threatens Christy, they still show a strong psychological disposition for rebellion by praising Christy’s crimes. Michael says it’s better to raise his grandchildren as “little weeds” like Christy and her rebellious spirit than to have them become passive law-abiding citizens like Shawn.

Works Cited

Both the original and the paraphrased version of this phrase remain the same.

Synge, M, John. The Complete plays of John M. synge Vintage Books, New York 1960.